Liquidcrystal i2c

Liquidcrystal i2c. The 16×2 alphanumeric display is based on the Hitachi HD44780 driver IC. Step 2: Import “ LiquidCrystal_I2C. ESP8266 or ARUINO with 16x2 i2c adaptable to others, tested with ESP8266-12 (LoLin), ESP8266-01 and Arduino-Uno. Wire. Releases LiquidCrystal_I2C là một thư viện trong Arduino được sử dụng để giao tiếp với màn hình LCD thông qua giao thức I2C. begin(16, 2); } //close setup. Plug in the ESP32’s USB connector to power the LCD. This library uses the original Wire library for communication. This I2C LCD is a 16×2 device which means it can display 16 columns by two rows of characters. Yes the sketchbook folder points to the root of the folder containing my sketch and the libraries folder. h> Step2. We are going to use the default I2C pins (GPIO#4 and GPIO#5) of the ESP8266. Connecting an I2C LCD is much simpler than connecting a standard LCD. begin() may well block for longer than that since the begin method if filled with delay() statements. This library allows an Arduino/Genuino board to control LiquidCrystal displays (LCDs) based on the Hitachi HD44780 (or a compatible) chipset, which is found on most text-based LCDs. In LcdControl, you simply pack in your additional methods. If it works, you should get a message saying it worked. Jan 26, 2019 · That library will auto detect the I2C address and, more importantly, the I2C expander to LCD pin mapping which can be a major stumbling block for new users. begin(); // initialize the lcd // Print a message to the LCD. 5V so we'll wait 50 delay (50); // Now we pull both RS and R/W low to begin commands expanderWrite (_backlightval); // reset expanderand turn backlight off (Bit 8 =1) delay (1000); //put the LCD into 4 bit mode // this is according to the hitachi HD44780 datasheet // figure 24, pg 46 // we start in 8bit mode, try The LiquidCrystal_I2C () function sets the pins the Arduino uses to connect to the LCD. Connect the SDA pin to the ESP8266’s D2 (GPIO#4) and the SCL pin to the ESP8266’s D1 (GPIO#5). The display operates in 4-bit mode over I²C bus with 8-bit I/O expander PCF8574/PCF8574A. Different manufacturers wire the PCF8574 output port pins to the LCD in different ways. Jan 12, 2023 · LiquidCrystal_I2C please check the above link. Compatibility Nov 11, 2019 · The first step is to find a working library of them. A library for AIP31068 I2C/SPI LCD displays. La biblioteca permite controlar pantallas I2C con funciones extremadamente similares a la Jan 16, 2024 · You need to specify the I2C address of your LCD, along with the display dimensions, in the LiquidCrystal_I2C constructor. We'll be showing how to connect with an Arduino, for other microcontrollers please see our MCP23008 library code for the commands to send to the I2C I/O expander. I suggest trying constructor usage like. Look in the preferences in the IDE and verify that your sketchbook directory matches where you have created the "libraries" directory. Driven with jm_Scheduler and jm_Wire. You could also use an inheritance model where the the base class is the original library LiquidCrystal_I2C and you simply create a new derived class, in this case LcdControl. The constructor does not initialize the LCD. LiquidCrystal_I2C Library. Before installing LiquidCrystal_I2C, remove any other libraries that may reside in the Arduino IDE with the same LiquidCrystal_I2C name. This repository is a python port of the Arduino LiquidCrystal_I2C library. This has the effect of outputting Sep 17, 2015 · The library was updated according to TommiP requisitis and the problem is still alive in my configuration. Apr 10, 2015 · To use libraries in the . The minimum timeout for the watchdog timer is 16ms. [함수 및 사용법] #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C. 3 Library LiquidCrystal_I2C Original Library Arduino-LiquidCrystal-I2C-library Standard for ESP8266 with pins 4-SDA 5-SCL or ARDUINO with A4-SDA A5-SCL and LCD 16x2 display and access from ESP8266: lcd. If you’re utilizing a 16×2 character LCD, input 16 and 2; for a 20×4 character LCD, input 20 and 4. 해당 주소는 통상 0x27 이다. Automatically move down and pause when printing long text. The object name is lcd. This means that subsequent characters written to the display will go from right to left, but does not affect previously-output text. The only slight complexity is that you have to invoke the constructor of the base class LiquidCrystal_I2C liquidcrystal_i2c. LiquidCrystal_I2C(uint8_t lcd_addr,uint8_t lcd_cols,uint8_t lcd_rows, uint8_t charsize = LCD_5x8DOTS); * Set the LCD display in the correct begin state, must be called before anything else is done. To include the library into the sketch you're working on, include the two libraries shown below at the top of your Jan 10, 2020 · Aprende a usar la interfaz LCD I2C con Arduino, donde únicamente vas a usar 2 PINES del Arduino para conectar una pantalla LCD. LiquidCrystal I2C de arduino y descarga. Standard for ESP8266 with pins 4-SDA 5-SCL or ARDUINO with A4-SDA A5-SCL and LCD 16x2 display and Arduino LCD 20×4 I2C. There are other backpacks using the same IC, but they assign different expander pins to the LCD. LiquidCrystal I2C Multilingual. by Frank de Brabander. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Similarly, head over to Core > Src and create a new file called ‘liquidcrystal_i2c. My enhanced fm_LiquidCrystal_I2C Arduino Library. In this tutorial, we will learn how to interface I2C LCD with Arduino and how to display static, scrolling, and custom characters on I2C LCD. // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows: lcd. (old lib is removed and new lib is in the '/arduino/libraries' directory) I tried as well with this : LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2,16); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display. h No such file or Directory | No matching function for 'LIQUIDCRYSTAL_I2C - ERRORLCD_l2C Library Package Link : https://github. instead of. edited Apr 23, 2015 at 22:02. h> LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display void setup() { lcd. cpp file of an Arduino sketch you must also include them in the master . Aug 1, 2023 · The hd44780 library should work on all architectures. Nov 27, 2015 · For all of the constructors in LiquidCrystal_I2C. Jul 2, 2017 · I2C_Scanner. Jan 13, 2022 · LiquidCrystal_I2C-linux. charsize (optional): the number of dots the display has per character: LCD_5x8DOTS for 5x8, LCD_5x10DOTS for 5x10. This means that the library must know how the PCF8574 pins are wired up to be able to work. Arduino I2C LCD. #include <RTClib. Go to repository. The library allows to control AIP31068 based I2C/SPI displays with functions extremely similar to LiquidCrystal library. Maintainer: Adafruit. Vamos a conocer el módulo interfaz para la pantalla LCD donde podremos utilizar solamente dos pines para la comunicación entre cualquier microcontrolador y esta pantalla. Wiring an I2C LCD Display to an Arduino. 0. python-liquidcrystal_i2c needs read/write access to the i2c-bus. You can add the includes manually or use the "Project>Add/Import Sketch Library" menu item which will add them to the . Oct 12, 2018 · The LiquidCrystal_I2C code does treat any non zero dimvalue as on since the backpack h/w can't do dimming but still using HIGH for a parameter is not correct. LiquidCrystal I2C Arduino library, with added method for rewiring SCL and SDA on ESP32 - iakop/LiquidCrystal_I2C_ESP32 The liquidcrystal_i2c. LiquidCrystal_I2C. jm_LiquidCrystal_I2C. e. js library for accessing LCD character displays using I2C via a PCF8574 port expander, typically found on inexpensive LCD I2C "backpacks". This lcd. begin( 16, 2 ); This function sets the dimensions of the LCD. via I2C. begin() Dec 31, 2020 · Descripción. Maintainer: Matthias Hertel. We will use I2C LCD library functions to display text and numbers on the I2C LCD, both in a static manner and a scrolling manner. Aug 25, 2020 · My LCD Model: 1602A with I2C (16x2) Like this one here. It is github link of LiquidCrystal_I2C library. Also, in this function, you need to specify the name of your LCD module, in this case, the name is lcd. A library for driving LiquidCrystal displays (LCD) by using the I2C bus and an PCF8574 I2C adapter. How the code works. 3 Library LiquidCrystal_I2C. Read the documentation. ) to LCD1602, LCD2004, etc. For printing multilingual UTF8 strings (French, Russian, Vietnamese, Katakana, etc. Then I create another object to call I2C LCD. Complicating matters is that there are multiple libraries that use a LiquidCrystal_I2C. If for some reason there is an issue on the R4, I'll fix it or work around it. 5 (Windows 7), Board: "NodeMCU 1. Este tutorial es similar al Tutorial LCD, conectando tu Arduino a un LCD1602 y LCD2004 , con la pequeña diferencia que ahora utilizaremos un Módulo adaptador LCD a I2C. The original library has been reworked in such a way that // this class implements the all methods to command an LCD based // on the Hitachi HD44780 and compatible chipsets using I2C extension // backpacks such as the I2CLCDextraIO with the PCF8574* I2C IO Expander ASIC. Next I state that I am going to use RTC. You will see the backlight lit up. rows: the number of rows that the display has. I2C is nice because it only uses two pins, and you can put multiple I2C devices on the LiquidCrystal_PCF8574. With this library you can connect your I2C lcd to your linux box (using available GPIOs, but also via the I2C pins of your VGA port) and control it like you did with the C++ library. Check it out to learn how the I2C LCD module works, how to use the LiquidCrystal_I2C library function to control it, change the I2C device address, connect multiple LCDs with Arduino using only 2 pins, and much more. You signed out in another tab or window. The first option we'll show is how to use the I2C interface on the backpack. Maintainer: Jean-Marc Paratte. Compatible with the Arduino IDE 1. Turns on automatic scrolling of the LCD. I use liquid crystal I2C, and wire. weather info). The Arduino programming language Reference, organized into Functions, Variable and Constant, and Structure keywords. Contribute to sidreco214/LiquidCrystal_I2C_PICO development by creating an account on GitHub. Now we are left with the pins that are used for I2C communication. Now we are left with the pins which are used for I2C communication. You can use any of Arduino’s digital pins to control the LCD. Step3. If that happens, Congratulations! Aug 27, 2012 · Arduino I2C Use. I have also attached a snap of it and highlighted code line 24 which is `#include "Wire. begin (width, height); Initialize the display and set the size. Dec 14, 2021 · Trong hướng dẫn này, tôi sẽ chỉ cho bạn cách thêm Thư viện I2C LiquidCrystal cho I2C LCD Display trong Arduino IDE#arduino #i2c #LiquidCrystal Nov 13, 2017 · I'm using 'LiquidCrystal I2C' library by Frank de Brabander. c. Nov 29, 2020 · Только для LiquidCrystal_I2C_Menu. Doing this will ensure that only the known good library is in use. We use the begin () function from the library to pass the LiquidCrystal object the size of the LCD. This library is for character LCDs based on the HD44780 controller connected via I2C bus using the cheap I2C backpack modules based on the PCF8574 (T/A). This library is compatible with all architectures so you should be able to use it on all the Arduino boards. Step1 – Include the Arduino Core I2C wire library + LiquidCrysal I2C library as well. The repo issue for the LiquidCrystal_I2C library is because of John Rickman. com/fdebrab Jun 20, 2017 · I2c backpacks are not all made the same way. You only need to connect four pins. h> #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C. Original Library Arduino-LiquidCrystal-I2C-library. Which is the small black circular chip on the back of the LCD module itself. using 4 or 8 data lines in addition to the rs, enable, and, optionally, the rw control lines). LiquidCrystal API compatible library for interfacing to "DFRobot", "YWRobot" and "SYDZ" type I2C 1602 backpacks using the PCF8574 I2C expander. Open Arduino IDE and navigate to Tools>Library Manager. h' Does that means wire library is already included in LiquidCrystal_I2C library? So if we are writing code for any scenario where wire library is required( forexample using LCD with arduino through i2c scanner LiquidCrystal_I2C. I think you will need to figure out how to change the address on one of your displays. LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3F, 16, 2); Oct 18, 2016 · LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3F,16,2); 에서 0x3F 는 I2C 의 채널 주소이다. LiquidCrystal_I2C works in combination with the preinstalled Wire. ทำการแยกไฟล์ที่โหลดมาข้างต้น แล้วนำไปไว้ยัง C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries (Drive ที่ได้ทำการติดตั้งโปรแกรม Jan 21, 2023 · LiquidCrystal_I2C _lcd1(0x27, 16, 2); LiquidCrystal_I2C _lcd2(0x27, 16, 2); I don't think you can use two I2C displays with the same I2C address. If the current text direction is left-to-right (the default), the display scrolls to the left; if the current direction is right-to-left, the display scrolls to the right. Только для LiquidCrystal_I2C_Menu. * Optional argument i2c_bus gives the opportunity to use Wire1 instead of Wire on the Arduino models that have two I2C buses (such as the Arduino DUE) LiquidCrystal I2C. It is derived from the LiquidCrystal_I2C library as of 09. In the Topic dropdown, choose Displays and enter "hd44780" in the filter box. cols: the number of columns that the display has. Now as you turn the knob on the potentiometer, you will start to see the first row of rectangles. En este tutorial aprenderemos a utilizar el Módulo adaptador de LCD a I2C y de esa forma poder controlar nuestro LCD Alfanumérico con solo dos pines de nuestro Arduino. ino for you. lcd. 0 (ESP-12E Module), 80 MHz, 115200, 4M (3M SPIFFS)" WARNING: library LiquidCrystal_I2C claims to run on (avr) architecture(s) and may be incompatible with your current board which runs on (esp8266) architecture(s). Rw [in] LCD Rw (Read/write) pin connected to the IO extender module. For I2CLCDextraIO, the address can be configured using the on board jumpers. Step2 – Define an object of the LiquidCrystal_I2C and pass to it (the I2C device address, Num of cols in LCD, Num of rows in LCD) Step3 – Now, you can initialize the LCD in the setup function and turn ON its backlight LED. How to add a library for i2c LCD in Arduino: First, click on the sketch, in sketch dropdown list click on include library, when you click on include library a new dropdown list will be opened in that list simply click on add . 단, 제조사별 혹은 구입루트에 따라 해당 채널 주소가 다를 수 있으므로 전원만 들어오고 LCD 의 첫째줄 라인이 사각형으로만 출력된다면 채널을 먼저 의심해 보아야 한다. link for liquid crystal here, link for wire here. By abstracting the complexities of low-level I2C protocol implementation, this library streamlines the development process, allowing developers to focus on higher This is the ultimate guide for Arduino I2C LCD interfacing. Aug 10, 2017 · Architectures. Any. Author: Jean-Marc Paratte. Rs [in] LCD Rs (Reset) pin connected to the IO extender module. Begin by connecting the VCC pin to the Arduino’s 5V output and the GND pin to ground. ino file. Search for “ LiquidCrystal I2C ” and install the “ LiquidCrystal I2C ” library in the Arduino IDE. shiftline November 29, 2015, 10:02am 3. h>. h on my system, the second and third parameters are EN and RW, ie, the enable and read/write backpack-pin numbers. Display. The library allows to control I2C displays with functions extremely similar to LiquidCrystal library. Compatibility. Mar 20, 2023 · Step 1: Install the library for LCD display in Arduino IDE. Address: 0x27 (Checked using I2C Scanning Code) The code: #include <Wire. LiquidCrystal_I2C This is small and fast Arduino library for LCD HD44780 and its clones (S6A0069, KS0066U, NT3881D, LC7985, ST7066, SPLC780, WH160xB, AIP31066, GDM200xD). Nov 19, 2021 · Required libraries for 16×2 I2c lcd: LiquidCrystal_I2C. Control i2c lcd screens with a Raspberry Pi module with using PCF8574 I2C port expander Overview For use on a Raspberry Pi, raspberrypi-liquid-crystal is a node. I2C là một giao thức truyền thông duá mối dùng để kết nối các linh kiện điện tử với nhau thông qua ba pin: SDA (Data Line), SCL (Clock Line) và GND (Ground). I2C를 사용하기 전 반드시 주소를 확인해야 한다. If the former, omit the pin numbers for d0 to d3 and leave those lines unconnected. 보유하고 있는 I2C LCD의 경우 address가 0x3F 로 설정되어 있다. 0 Parameters lcd: a variable of type LiquidCrystal data: the character to write to the display Returns byte write()will return the number of bytes written, though reading that number is optional On the I2C module you will find a potentiometer that you can rotate with a small screwdriver. h ” header file in the code. 2017 ( commit e3701fb ). May 7, 2023 · Just a guess. RTC_DS1307rtc. Curso de Arduino desde Cero - liquidcrystal Documentation, Release 0. The display can be controlled using 4 or 8 data lines. 05. A library for I2C LCD displays. For more information about this library please visit us at. Using the dimvalue of HIGH (which is typically a value of 1) would create a very dim backlight if the code were used with a different library and h/w that supported dimming like an LCD Jul 9, 2019 · You're using a different LiquidCrystal_I2C library than the one that you based your sketch on, and the constructor in the library you're using (what you're calling here: LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(I2C_ADDR, En_pin, Rw_pin, Rs_pin, D4_pin, D5_pin, D6_pin, D7_pin); ) requires a different number of arguments than you've used. Feb 7, 2024 · The history of the original "LiquidCrystal_I2C" library is long and twisted. So, let’s take a quick look at how the code works. Within this file, you can see that the class is defined with name LiquidCrystal_I2C and has multiple constructors, each with a different list of parameters. using 4 or 8 data lines in addition to the rs, enable, and, optionally, the rw control The LiquidCrystal_I2C library allows you to program an Arduino to print messages to an LCD screen using an I2C backpack. Display numbers with convenient formats. The 20×4 alphanumeric display is based on the Hitachi HD44780 driver IC. First, you need to include the LiquidCrystal_I2C library. Mar 8, 2023 · #arduino #automation #lcd #i2c #fixed Video này mình sẽ giúp các bạn sửa lỗi trong khi sử dụng LCD và Arduino. I2C address of the IO expansion module. h library in the Arduino editor. This implementation doesn't require any other external libraries. 8. Although some methods are named differently, the main concept is exactly the same. LiquidCrystal_I2C library helps in communicating with I2C LCD. com 10 11//initialize the liquid crystal library 12//the first parameter is the I2C address 13//the second parameter is how many rows are on your screen 14//the third parameter is how many columns are on your screen 15 LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); 16 17void setup() { 18 19 //initialize lcd screen 20 lcd. Author: Adafruit. The library is available for download and installation through the library manager. h> The next two lines set the number of columns and rows of your LCD display. Here is the DS1307 and create an object called "rtc" for this device. @param lcd_Addr [in] I2C address of the IO expansion module. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is typically used in embedded systems to display text and numbers for the end user as an output device. They don't specify the size of the display. (default: LCD_5x8DOTS) The Arduino programming language Reference, organized into Functions The first step is to find a working library of them. The 1602 LCD can be used to display a simple message, display a sensor value (i. The format is (COLUMNS, ROWS). Examples LiquidCrystal_I2C for Raspberry Pi Pico. init(); 21 // turn on the backlight 22 Mar 20, 2016 · LiquidCrystal_I2C It is the reimplementation of the standard Arduino LCD library, configured to work with parallel HD44780 compatible LCDs, and interfaced via a Chinese PCF8574 I2C serial extender. h. // enter the I2C address and the dimensions of your LCD here. c‘ Copy the following code from this link and save it to this file. The characters are alphanumeric, but you can create custom characters for basic graphics, bar graphs that Feb 1, 2019 · In this simple sketch we show you the most useful and important functions from the LiquidCrystal_I2C library. 9% of all PCF8574 I²C backpacks available on the market are connected like LiquidCrystal lcd (RS, Enable, D4, D5, D6, D7) Create the LiquidCrystal object and specify the 6 pins where the LCD is connected. While a library called LiquidCrystal I2C by Frank de Barbander is in the Arduino library manager, even that library is not actually the original "LiquidCrystal_I2C" library A guy named Marco was the original developer of the LiquidCrystal_I2C library. LiquidCrystal_I2C (uint8_t Set the direction for text written to the LCD to right-to-left (the default is left-to-right). Creates a variable of type LiquidCrystal. The second step is to add the libraries to your arduino ide, to do that you go to sketch-> include library -> add zip library then find it in files. temperature), or even display data pulled from the internet (i. STM32 Nucleo I2C LCD STM32CubeIDE Code. Author: Frank de Brabander. I2C là một giao thức truyền thông hai dây cho phép các thiết bị giao tiếp với nhau một cách dễ dàng thông qua việc chia sẻ cùng một bus truyền dẫn. Download Library LCD (I2C) ก่อนครับ >> (ไฟล์ LiquidCrystal_I2C. zip library as you can see in the below figure Thư viện Liquidcrystal_I2C là một thư viện phổ biến được sử dụng để điều khiển màn hình LCD giao tiếp I2C. This causes each character output to the display to push previous characters over by one space. I2C LCD를 사용하기 위해 Arduino-LiquidCrystal-I2C-library-master라이브러리를 추가한다. The library works with in either 4 or 8 bit mode (i. #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C. begin(sda,scl) or ARDUINO: lcd. Author: Matthias Hertel. The final “administrative” type of code you must include goes inside setup: void setup() {. The RW pin can be tied to ground instead of connected to a pin on the Arduino; if so, omit it from this function’s parameters. LiquidCrystal_AIP31068. Conversor lcd i2c. h header file. LiquidCrystal Library for Arduino. lcd: a variable of type LiquidCrystal. */ LiquidCrystal_I2C (uint8_t lcd_Addr); // Constructor with backlight control LiquidCrystal_I2C (uint8_t lcd_Addr, uint8_t backlighPin, t_backlightPol pol Nov 23, 2022 · 1. I2C is a communication protocol that allows you to communicate with multiple devices using only a few pins. Reload to refresh your session. // // The functionality provided by this class and its base class is Since you have an LCD with a I2C interface, you can look at the GitHub repo for the file LiquidCrystal_I2C. h> #include <Wire. getEncoderState() – опрос состояния энкодера. LiquidCrystal I2C for MicroPython. Fork of LiquidCrystal HD44780-compatible LCD driver library, now with support for ATtiny85. They are only compiled if found in the . Arduino can turn on way befer 4. h library serves as a vital tool in facilitating this communication, particularly when interfacing I2C LCDs with microcontrollers like the STM32 Black Pill. You switched accounts on another tab or window. LiquidCrystal I2C Arduino library, with added method for rewiring SCL and SDA on ESP32 - iakop/LiquidCrystal_I2C_ESP32 Start by connecting the VCC pin to the VIN on the ESP8266 and GND to ground. . // // The functionality provided by this class and its base class is Aug 28, 2015 · So now you need to confirm the location of your sketchbook directory. This is the ultimate guide for Arduino I2C LCD interfacing. The 99. You can connect more than one display (each to its own pins) and create a separate LiquidCrystal objects for each. Contribute to jmparatte/jm_LiquidCrystal_I2C development by creating an account on GitHub. See full list on makerguides. THIS LIBRARY MIGHT NOT BE COMPATIBLE WITH EXISTING SKETCHES. Возвращает значение типа eEncoderState (перечисляемый тип, описан в библиотеке как {eNone, eLeft, eRight, eButton}). ino. 1602 LCD with Arduino - I2C and standard method explained. Either add your user to the i2c group ( adduser <user> i2c ) or grant rights to anyone ( chmod 666 /dev/i2c-* ). En [in] LCD En (Enable) pin connected to the IO extender module. 7z) 2. Adafruit LiquidCrystal. link for liquid crystal here , link for wire here. This library is a port of the LiquidCrystal I2C Arduino library. This library allows an Arduino board to control liquid crystal displays (LCDs) based on the Hitachi HD44780 (or a compatible) chipset, which is found on most text-based LCDs. LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,2,1,0,4,5,6,7); // 0x27 is the I2C bus address for an unmodified I2C なので基本的にプルアップが必要です。ここでは下記 LiquidCrystal_I2C ライブラリが内部で Wire ライブラリを利用していますが、これは SDA/SCL ピンについて、Arduino の内部プルアップ抵抗をアクティベートします。 Jan 7, 2021 · In this post we’ll go over how to use the 1602 LCD both the conventional way and with I2C. This is small and fast Arduino library for LCD HD44780 and its clones (S6A0069, KS0066U, NT3881D, LC7985, ST7066, SPLC780, WH160xB, AIP31066, GDM200xD). Credit You signed in with another tab or window. Arduino: 1. bh bi qt ev pm yf nu vm we gw